CategoriesArchitecture

An Architect’s Guide To: Office Design and Planning

Emma Walshaw is the founder of First In Architecture and Detail Library. She has written a number of books aiming to facilitate a better understanding of construction and detailing. First In Architecture is a website providing resources and guides for architects and students. 

For many people, work is their life. They spend 40+ hours a week at the office and this time can be some of the most rewarding or most frustrating depending on how well your office space is set up. The planning of a workplace or office is not just about how the space looks, but also about what is important to employees.

There are many things to take into consideration as there are different factors that can impact productivity and employee morale. Here are just a few things to consider when designing a new office or workplace.

Plus X by Studio Egret West, Brighton, United Kingdom | Popular Choice, 2021 A+Awards, Coworking Space

A Changing Workplace

The shape of offices has changed over the last couple of decades, with office design becoming a way to attract talent, increase productivity and creativity, show off the companies modernity and get into architectural design websites and magazines. Google, anyone? In the 21st century, office design became fashionable.

Yet, with the era of Covid 19, work practices are rapidly changing. Suddenly, companies are not only offering flexible working hours, multiple work locations within one building, but also work from home. Only time will tell how long the work from home option continues.

These changes are leading to different new concepts for office design and a necessity for flexibility more than ever. Meeting the current needs of the organization is not the only challenge that designers face; they must also anticipate the company’s future needs and design with the adaptability required to fulfill them. Good office design has been attributed to improved health and wellbeing of employees, increased productivity, staff retention and sense of community. All the more reason to invest time and effort in creating a great office design.

Plus X by Studio Egret West, Brighton, United Kingdom | Popular Choice, 2021 A+Awards, Coworking Space

Office Planning

There are many variables and factors that will inform a new workplace design and this guide cannot cover the full gamut. However, we will explore some of the design considerations and key points to address when designing a new office.

Establishing the requirements of the organization that will use the office will be one of the first aspects of the design. At this point, input from many of the end users will be useful in creating a picture of the workplace experience that the company are looking to achieve.

How Will the Office Be Used?

What are the aims and objectives of the organization? What different duties and roles are carried out in the organization and how might that change in the future? How do the employees work now, and how do they want to work? What do the employees need in order to be as effective as possible? Do visitors come to the office?

How Does the Company Want To Portray Its Brand?

Does the organization want to show its brand and personality in the design of the office? What kind of brand values and messages does the company want to portray to its employees and visitors? Many more questions can be asked about the culture of the company and more to gain a deep understanding of who the company is and what they are trying to achieve.

New Headquarters Scott Sports by IttenBrechbühl, Givisiez Switzerland | Photos: Upper by Philipp Zinniker, Lower by Faruk Pinjo | Jury Winner, 2021 A+Awards, Office Building Mid-Rise (5-15 Floors)

Journey Design

Journey design is a large part of the early office design. This goes beyond considering the journey from the entrance of the building to your desk, and how you might get there.

Journey design is about understanding the experience, through all sensory factors, in each part of the building. How are people going to interact with the building? What will their experience be and how will they perceive the company? These questions apply to both employees and visitors.

Most offices can be separated into zones:

Arrival or Entrance Zone

First entry into the office for both staff and visitors. Staff could have alternative entrance in larger office buildings. The entrance is often welcoming and open to the public.

Visitor or Public Zone

The visitor zone is where meetings may take place, whether in a formal meeting room or cafe. The visitor zone consists of employees and people that don’t work for the company. Usually, in larger offices, the visitor areas are kept separate from the main staff working areas.

Working Zone

The working zone is accessible to staff only and usually will consist of office/desk space, meeting rooms and the core functions of the company.

Social Zone

The social zone allows for more informal meetings, refreshments and other activities that aren’t suited to the working zone. How the employees and visitors journey to and through these zones should be carefully considered.

New Headquarters Scott Sports by IttenBrechbühl, Givisiez Switzerland | Photo by Simon Ricklin | Jury Winner, 2021 A+Awards, Office Building Mid-Rise (5-15 Floors)

Spatial and Room Requirements

In addition to these types of questions, it is also important to establish spatial and physical requirements from the organization. In short, what rooms/spaces do they need, how many staff do they have, what size canteen will they need, how many sanitary facilities, and so on.

These spaces will perform a variety of functions. The functions will have an impact on how that space is designed. For example, if the offices require focus work, consideration will be taken in minimizing noise and creating a good working environment without distraction. Let’s look at the room types:

  • Focus work: routine work, long durations
  • Casual / informal: more mobile spaces, small short casual meetings
  • Private / quiet space: concentration, confidential, reflection
  • Group work: casual/information meeting spaces, group tasks, away from focus area
  • Meetings: dedicated rooms for meetings, work, learning, interviews etc.
  • Amenities: areas for refreshment, relaxation, social interaction, wellbeing
  • Services: support services such as IT, cleaning, security

Kering Americas by HLW, Wayne, NJ, United States | Popular Choice, 2021 A+Awards, Office Interiors (>25, 000 sq ft)

Office Design Considerations

The following section will give general tips and pointers for good office design. Some of the suggestions below will be dependent on the size and nature of the office to be designed.

Accessibility and Inclusivity

All accessibility design standards should be met and exceeded where possible. Creating an inclusive and accessible office ensures it can be used by a wide and diverse range of people. Consider both visible and non visible disabilities and how the spaces can be used without the need for assistance. Spaces and facilities should be provided that avoid separation, segregation or unnecessary effort.

Flexibility

As mentioned earlier, offices are changing environments. The design must include flexibility to adapt to changes of the organization. Modular designs that are multifunctional can help to allow for these changes. Designs can also include options for easy upgrading as technology advances.

Safety and Security

Depending on the nature and location of the office, security measures are often an important consideration. Entry to the building itself should be welcoming and without obstruction, but it is often necessary to incorporate secure access to the non public areas. This should be done discreetly, and with the option of upgrading or altering as required.

Technology

Technology is a key part of a successful organization. Digital infrastructure must be integrated into the design early to ensure a strong workflows. Again, the technology must be organized and designed in such a way that upgrades are possible with minimal disruption.

Kering Americas by HLW, Wayne, NJ, United States | Popular Choice, 2021 A+Awards, Office Interiors (>25, 000 sq ft)

Employee Wellbeing

Working to conserve employee wellbeing can come in many forms. Work is a key part of our lives and it is important that employees feel supported and are given the opportunity and amenities to flourish. If an employee is feeling physically and mentally fit, they are more likely to feel engaged and driven in the workplace.

Provide an office that is comfortable, with a healthy working environment, along with good indoor air quality with a mix of natural and mechanical ventilation. Design facilities for reflection, and ensure the use of lighting, acoustics and colors reduce stress.

If appropriate, an onsite gym or social area can also be provided.

Lighting

An office contains a variety of spaces that fullfil different roles. The lighting design will need to reflect the different spaces. For example, the reception area may be designed to be light and bright and welcoming. While office spaces might have more focused lighting and measures to prevent glare. Quiet spaces and areas for reflection will have softer lighting. The lighting design of an workplace will enhance the mood and activities of the spaces. Lighting design incorporates both natural and artificial lighting techniques.

Acoustics

Similar to lighting design, the acoustics must be designed according to the spaces and functions carried out within those spaces.

For some open plan offices provide a challenge for some employees, as noise levels and distractions around them can have a negative effect on productivity. However, if an office is too quiet some report this to be a little unnerving.

Finding a good balance in the acoustics is important. Acoustic materials that absorb excess noise can help to improve communication between teams, improve privacy for private phone calls, and allow employees to focus better on complex or concentrated tasks.

Having a variety of spaces that are acoustically designed will allow for staff to select the space according to their requirements, ie, group discussion, formal meeting and so on.

Conclusion

Office design is a large topic and we’ve only scratched the surface here. The workplace has been changing over time and offices need to be flexible, considering how they will be used with employees of different generations who have varying needs for work-life balance. These considerations also include understanding what types of space are required in an office environment given that many people today don’t just use their desktop or laptop all day long at one location. We hope this blog post has provided you with some insight into getting started on your own journey towards designing an ideal workplace!

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CategoriesArchitecture

Made in Mexico: 9 Brazen Brick Buildings Celebrating the Local Material

Architects: Want to have your project featured? Showcase your work through Architizer and sign up for our inspirational newsletter.  

Bricks have been one of the oldest construction materials in the history of architecture. Early bricks were blocks of mud or clay that were left to dry in the sun in hot climates and then used to build shelters after hardening. Centuries after they were first invested, man started using fire to bake them, helping their formation in colder climates. To this day, architects use bricks made from local soil or clay to build low-cost durable structures across the world.

Traditional Mexican homes were often built using clay-based soil bricks. These load-bearing structured offered good resistance against harsh climates. Yet, as Mexico became a mecca for modernism, concrete became more and more popular (just think of Felix Candela‘s thin shell marvels!). However, given the increasing awareness around sustainable materials, architects are also now shifting back to locally made clay or adobe bricks given their low cost and easy availability in the region. Here are a few examples of how Mexican architects are using bricks not only for construction but also as the dominant aesthetic features in projects.

Iturbide Studio by TALLER Mauricio Rocha + Gabriela Carrillo, Mexico City, Mexico
Popular Winner, 2018 A+Awards, Private House (XS <1000 sq ft)

This three-story home resembles a solid block of clay from the outside. Three planes of marble, concrete and wood combine to create different levels and voids within. The remaining vertical surfaces are covered in different brick arrangements throughout the house. The external facades almost form a brick lattice to allow light to enter the adjacent courtyard. Here, clay becomes the dominant material with furnishings to match.

Cultural Center at Centro Educativo de Morelia by doho constructivo + Iván Marín Arquitectura, Morelia, Mexico
Popular Winner, 2019 A+Awards, Architecture +Brick

Part of a school complex, the cultural center replaces the old library that was present on site. It makes use of two metal containers, the foundation, floors and peripheral walls of the older structure. The structure features brick lattices and open spaces to maximize the amount of light entering it given the close proximity of buildings around it. The brick pattern on the walls continues through the roof as well to make it seem like one homogenous block.

Pavilion ( ) by MICHAN ARCHITECTURE, Kababie Arquitectos, Colectivo Seis and Taller Paralelo Mexico City, Mexico

Pavilion ( ) stands as a symbol of resilience after the physical destruction and emotional toll caused by the earthquakes in 2017. It takes the form of a crater, creating a cocoon for reflection. The structure resembles an inverted vault constrained by a square perimeter. People can enter the space through a triangular gap on one side and then find themselves surrounded by walls of bricks. The studio wanted to use the structure to remind visitors that the emptiness they felt at that moment wasn’t permanent. The bricks from this temporary exhibit were then used to reconstruct houses in San Gregorio Altapulco.

Casa UC by Daniela Bucio Sistos // Taller de Arquitectura y Diseño, Morelia, Mexico

Conceptualized as a “walkable residence”, this home blurs the boundaries between the outside and inside. As one explores the house, they come across different textures and micro-environments stimulating their senses at every turn. Given its monochromatic palette, the architect uses bricks in a variety of ways to create a rich texture, thereby enriching the spatial experience. These walls are paired with floating roofs, circular openings and austere brown surfaces. The home features several voids that change the user experience as light travels across them throughout the day.

Images by Armando Ascorve Morales

Davy Johns Café by RED arquitectos, Heroica Veracruz, Mexico

Unlike the other structures on this list, brick features prominently in the roof of this café. The studio remodeled an old house with charming brick vaults and a patio to imagine this cozy and earthy eatery. The tones of the bricks in the walls are replicated using wood and leather throughout the space. These are contrasted with tiles floors, dark accents and a variety of plants to make it more inviting and homely.

1200 Bricks Little Chapel by S-AR, Santiago, Mexico

More meditation space than a worship structure, this chapel is meant to serve just one person at a time. The form is a simple trapezoidal block of human scale with a cross at one end and a seat at the other. It is made up of 1,200 hollow red bricks that are slid onto metal rods of different heights, almost creating a cage. This gives the illusion that they are simply placed on top of one another without any binding agents. In order to create a seamless introspection bubble, the floor is covered with bricks as well.

Saint Peter House by Cafeína Design, Cholula, Mexico

Red brick, which is a popular building material in San Pedro Cholula, features prominently in this house. What makes it stand out is the angular arrangement of bricks on the front façade to create visual interest in a cost-effective way. The double-height home also includes an internal courtyard and an interior terrace to increase the amount of natural light inside.

Images by César Béjar

Centinela Chapel by Estudio ALA, Arandas, Mexico

The rectangular form of this chapel draws inspiration from the mixed-use spaces that were originally found in this region. It combines covered and open spaces for gatherings and events. The building cantilevers over a lake and overlooks a factory and agave fields. Users enter the building through a low-height doorway that evokes a sense of intimacy and privacy and then transition to a large open volume. The brick and pink sandstone complex has two main blocks that open into a courtyard to make the space more flexible. Furthermore, the cross can also be moved depending on the requirements of the events that are held within.

Ruta del Peregrino Refugies by Luis Aldrete, Jal., Mexico

This structure is designed as a module that can be multiple to serve different functions and scales. Its height is divided into two parts, a solid base and a perforated top for light and ventilation. One of the sides has a big window and the other is also covered in perforations for air circulation. These perforations are created by staggering the bricks within the arrangement, ensuring that the exterior remains homogenous.

Architects: Want to have your project featured? Showcase your work through Architizer and sign up for our inspirational newsletter.  

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CategoriesArchitecture

One Rendering Challenge 2022: The Finalists (Part 2)

Explore a further 25 extraordinary architectural visualizations, each one a Finalist in the 3rd Annual One Rendering Challenge. Let us know which are your favorites on Instagram and Twitter with the hashtag #OneRenderingChallenge!

Previous 25 Renderings     Next 25 Renderings →


“7th Element” by Hugo Ferreira, Pedro Teixeira, Gonçalo Alves and Catarina Brites (okdraw studio)

“This image is part of a set of images developed for a competition for the 7th bridge on Douro’s river in Porto, Portugal. Porto is a very foggy city, with a very peculiar light. We tried to embrace this atmosphere, alongside the idea of scales, between the old city and the new architecture.

architecture: CNLL architects + Helder da Rocha”

Software used: 3ds Max, Corona Renderer, Photoshop


“Field trip” by Hugo Ferreira, Pedro Teixeira, Gonçalo Alves and Catarina Alves (okdraw studio)

“This image is part of a set of images done for the Environment Museum Design Competition, V.N. Gaia, Portugal. We got inspired by the natural materials like concrete and brick, of this very straight forward auditorium, and wanted to give this atmosphere of deep space, a hole on the ground like somewhere between Wieliczka Salt Mine and James Turrel.”

Software used: 3ds Max, Corona Renderer, Photoshop


“Mountain Cabin” by Qiantailong Shi

“In the cottage in the mountain, you don’t have to buy flowerpots and plant all kinds of flowers and plants in order to create a quiet and elegant environment like city people. There are countless flowers and plants in the mountains. As long as you set foot outdoors, you will enjoy countless fragrances and surprises. These beautiful messengers of nature breathe the breath of the mountains, enjoy the sunshine of the mountains, suck the rain and dew of the mountains, and bloom gorgeous and dazzling flowers.”

Software used: 3ds Max, SketchUp, Corona Renderer


“Do Look Up” by Weiwei Toh

“What happens when post-anthropogenic destruction of forests has necessitated a new paradigm of above-ground forestry labs, catalyzing the radiant hope for a flourishing of ecosystems of mycelium and plant growth? “Do Look Up” is predicated upon the anxieties of living and reconciling with the preceding age of environmental collapse and landscape desolation.

A spatial spectacle is formed through the physicalization of what is often not seen, allowing a public approach to understanding the roles of deep root systems and soil pedogenesis in influencing carbon storage of forests. Under-soil ecologies of mycology thrive and enable studies on mycelium biomaterials; communal-living is activated through the open experimentations of using organic, plant-based, low-emission substrates from fungiculture or horticulture as a means of constructing pod-based lived habitats for humans. The prototypical mega-living typology situates itself as an antidote to chaos — a new mode that allows us another chance to live with nature.”

Software used: Rhino, Photoshop, Other


“Copenaghen Opera House” by Antonio D’avolio

“The image depicts one of the icons of the city of Copenhagen, the Opera house, designed by the Danish architect Henning Larsen between 2001 and 2004. During my trip to the Danish capital I took some photos of it and used them as a reference to reproduce this personal work of mine. I focused my attention on reproducing a lighting that could emphasize not only the building but the whole context.
I hope you like it!”

Software used: 3ds Max, Rhino, Corona Renderer, Photoshop


“The winter of Cipea” by Vann Roark

“The Context: The Cipea house is located within a natural forest context in Nanjing, China, the introspective architecture brings the main focus inward allowing the organically shaped openings to simulate the shape of a traditional Chinese scroll cohabiting with the immediate landscape.

The Archviz | The winter history: A black building in a winter context, a cold environment with warm lighting, I want to achieve visual confusions between the real context and the influence of colors and light.”

Software used: 3ds Max, Other


“Above the water surface” by Jakub Ptaszny

“He stopped at the edge of giant round space and looked up at the delirious structure towering beyond the entire landscape. The main ring rose in the last few months over 10 cm through the accelerating speed of rising water caused by massive iceberg melting. In everyone’s mind was if the height of the pillars is enough to protect them from an ongoing catastrophe. Floating City has been growing in the past decade extremely quickly, as the area of dry land was shrinking.

This is the only solution for the fate that they prepared for us, the Landers, our ancestors and our downfall. He turned out to the nearest staircase and looked down at the people. They look like thousands of tiny fireflies, only a few meters from being put out. They are gonna move us up another 10 cm” he said and started going to his apartment.”

Software used: Blender, Other


“Gaia Responds” by Alan Curtis

“A house being swallowed by the sea
Who’s responsible, is it you or me?
Or is it both of us
Striving for fame and fortune,
But instead, gaining infamy.

We’ve built a house of cards on the foundations of bereft mythologies, in particular mythologies that promote the devaluation and commodification of nature with the result being alienation, loneliness and anxiety. Maybe the final question will be: was it worth it?”

Software used: SketchUp, Other


“Southworld: East Park” by Zoe Russian Moreno

“The park is in an envisioned theme set in the 1960’s retro futuristic Latin America. Visitors can feel the experience of a ‘wild’ space where nature harmonizes with its architectural surroundings making it appear organic. Using landmarks that defined generations of happy memories as a source of inspiration it engages with the possibility of extension and adaptability with different influential settings of culture. The park has created lifelike androids that ‘act’ as the animals supplanting their real counterparts for education and entertainment purposes. Although it’s an engaging experience, people will still need to use their own ‘air purifiers’ because things are never what they seem. Tailored prevention inside the park is most important. One never knows what could happen… A reality not so different from our own.”

Software used: V-Ray, 3ds Max, Photoshop


“The Ocean Regeneration Alliance – The General Assembly” by Wee Kee Goh

“The Ocean Regeneration Alliance becomes a beacon of hope in the South China Sea and seeks to create regional peace through cooperative ocean protection efforts. Reassessing our relationship with ocean plastics and oil rigs, and turning our problems into potential solutions.

The image depicts an ongoing hearing in the General Assembly Chamber, whereby the architecture harnesses the power of complete scene immersion to induce empathy among policy makers when making big governmental decisions. The occupants will not only be immersed visually with the state of the ocean around them, but are also able to touch, feel and smell the interior furniture designed from recycled ocean plastics.

With huge advancements in computation design and additive manufacturing technology, material properties such as PET plastics can be recycled and incorporated into digital models for construction. Hence, the blue washed interior and beautiful marbling textures from the plastic recycling process, creating a Plastic Architecture.”

Software used: V-Ray, Rhino, Blender, Photoshop, Other


“Disk House” by Karim Rashid

“Dubbed “The Disk House”, the design of this circular, see-through residence, came as response to the Covid lockdown.The concept of the Disk House is to have 360 degrees views, with no sharp corners and no obstructive columns. “Being locked down for so many months now, made me realize how important the connection with the exterior is – and how much a glazed surface can do for you. Transparency is immaterial, hence your space always feels much larger and it creates a positive mental psyche”, says Karim.

Fully glazed, both the architecture and interior design flow freely in this curved home. The central column not only creates the overall support, but also runs all electrical, heating, ventilation and air conditioning, plumbing, and technology. The two-bedroom, two and a half bathroom house expands over 200 square meters and two floors. Outside, a circular pool delineates the house, adding to the fresh environment.”

Software used: V-Ray, 3ds Max, Rhino


“A Postcard from Brutalism” by Sara Martella

“This image represent one of the iconic architecture of Brutalism: the Georgia’s Deputy Minister of Highway Construction (today Bank of Georgia) located in Tblisi (Georgia). The concept of this work, ideally inspired by Christopher Herwing’s photography , is to restore luster to architectures “unexpectedly beautiful” of brutalism; from that the idea of conceiving the image as a postcard, extrapolating the architecture from its current decay context and make it the protagonist.

The architecture is not portrayed in its entirety on purpose to be able to give a more intimate and subjective representation; we cannot see the building in its entirety but we are able to understand its grandeur, its forms and at the same time its fragility. The atmosphere is melancholy and with the use of color try to find and emphasize the essence of brutalism and Soviet architecture.”

Software used: V-Ray, 3ds Max, Photoshop


“Crystalline” by Dawid Wisniewski

“The image has been created for a design competition featuring a high rise commercial development in Hudson Yards, New York. A rhythmic and geometric composition has been chosen over a more dramatic perspective to bring focus to the subtleties of the facade and lobby space behind.”

Software used: V-Ray, 3ds Max, Other


“LAX 2150 Spaceport” by Joseph Gregory Siml

“The LAX 2150 Spaceport imagines what the travel center may become as our civilization inevitably trends towards advancement. As technology becomes more complex and the population grows, new challenges arise for architectural planners. How will flying vehicles be accommodated? How will giant crowds move through LAX? How will climate pollution and sustainability be addressed?

The LAX 2150 Spaceport envisions how these issues might be addressed and paints a hopeful picture for the future of humanity. In this future, technology is responsibly used, ushering in a new age of prosperity for all. All socio-economic classes can access the port and the unlimited potential of outer space.”

Software used: 3ds Max, Rhino, Enscape, Photoshop


“The Meeting” by Zana Bamarni

“- Hey! Im glad you could make it.
– Hi Deckard! Yeah of course. Wouldn’t want to miss this.
– How are you doing? How was your flight? Better than the last time, I hope.
– Doing great, thanks. The flight was amazing. Still can’t believe you can cross the pond in an hour nowadays.
– Pretty amazing, isn’t it?! Come on, lets head inside. The others allready ordered their drinks.
– Wait a second I need to …
– Forgot something?
– Nevermind. Let’s go inside.”

Software used: V-Ray, Rhino


“Succubus” by Hristo Rizov

“The image depicts a contemporary concept theater hall in Bulgaria’s capital city Sofia that stages the ballet dance performance called “Succubus”.
Bold and modern – both space and show leave audiences in awe with the final words:
“Roaming the realm of dreams
Showing in unexpected places.
Why did I love you
But never told you?
Why did I try to save you
But never could save myself?””

Software used: V-Ray, 3ds Max, Photoshop


“The Eden Initiative” by Hudson KadeHudson Parris Matthew Cox

“Fourteen billion pounds of trash, most of it plastic, is carelessly dumped in the world’s oceans every year. The enormity of this waste problem requires an equally scaled solution. The Eden Initiative is a waste-to-energy plant that seeks to converge and address two of the greatest challenges confronting mankind today—pollution of our oceans and pollution of our atmosphere.

The form gives way to combining a fluid dynamic structure with a tower-like presence that allows one to see for kilometers. The system gathers and consumes tons of trash every hour with the massive intake on the structure’s front. In the building’s belly, waste is burned, and energy is produced in the form of hot gases used to heat water, produce steam, and turn a turbine that generates electricity. The height symbolizes the scale of the issue as it floats from port city to port city.”

Software used: V-Ray, Rhino, Photoshop


“The Collectors” by Utkan Yonter

“It will happen soon. Sooner than you expect.
We will surrender and they will conquer.
One day we will all be gone, and they will live.
Destroying our world as we know it, they will make it their own. They will bludgeon down our walls, smash through our roofs, level our cities … They will trample over everything with disdain for our values.
Except … they will not be insensible to beauty.
Perfect, so intelligent, they will honor our artistic endeavors. They will know them better than us, understand them better than us: study them, analyze them, even try to copy them.
But they will not succeed. Without the human touch, creativity is not absolute. Perfection requires imperfection.
So, one day they will come and destroy almost everything.

but ART will survive.”

Software used: 3ds Max, Corona Renderer, Photoshop


“The Makeshift Studio” by Rachel Dash

“An oil painter sets up a temporary studio in an empty Victorian drawing-room. Having the best light in the house, it will make a perfect temporary workspace. A rug is pushed to the back of the room as the space slowly fills with finished and unfinished works, half-used paint tubes and dirty paint water glasses. Rolls of paper overflow into the hallway, accompanying forgotten paintbrushes and drops of paint now soaked into the hardwood floor.

Messy, unkempt and dusty, this was only supposed to be temporary.

As the soft light of the afternoon sun filters through the window and illuminates the hallway, the artist feels a sense of accomplishment in their latest piece. The workspace is a mess, but that is a problem for another day.”

Software used: V-Ray, 3ds Max


“The Outsider” by Jirair Maghakian

“In a time not too far in the future, most of us people have already moved to the digital world of Metaverse. However, a lot of communities in our society are having some difficulty accepting the idea of this unusual and strange piece of technology.

Leaders and people have neglected their neighborhoods. Everyone in downtown is too busy building a new life in the new world, creating a massive gap and a huge contradiction between what we were and what we are about to become.

This outsider on the other hand, is here to learn about this “underdeveloped” neighborhood trying to find new ways to convince its people for them to make this unwanted shift. This shift that we still don’t know what it is and how it is going to affect humanity. Will it affect us to the better or to the worse?”

Software used: V-Ray, 3ds Max, Photoshop


“Modern temples of culture” by Maurizio Gastoni

“In history, architecture has been an instrument to worship gods, emperors, and kings. In modern times, with a world moving towards a godless season, architecture hasn’t lost its symbolic value. The greatest locations are saved for those buildings that move people, gather them, and educate them. A temple of culture, a natural museum. Sitting on the coastline, in harmony with the rocky shore, showing a glittering skin like that of a giant snake sitting on the water. A strong palette of warm colors was the chosen to give a mystic atmosphere.”

Software used: 3ds Max, Corona Renderer, Photoshop


“Beyond” by Javier Wainstein

“Surrealism is the new reality. Inspired by the masters of surrealism of Europe, the image shows a simple concept about the boundaries of the space, the beyond and the void.”

Software used: 3ds Max, Corona Renderer, Photoshop


“Closed” by Javier Wainstein

“Nothing more to do. Only darkness.”

Software used: 3ds Max, Corona Renderer, Photoshop


“Differentiate” by Tamer Kumas

“”In a reality where everything starts to melt into the same paradigm, the essence of differentiation shall resurface again.” In my rendering, I took an unorthodox approach in which I tried to fuse the abstractness of what I imagine about differentiation in the process of designing a structure in architecture. The iridescent glass structure above the white Mustang, resembles differentiation while also revealing the essence of creativity of architecture. Its surrounded by all concrete structures, depicting the monotony. The cubic structures above the same type of vehicle’s depict the exact same theme as the surrounding environment.”

Software used: Blender, Photoshop


“WAVE” by Roman Huzar

“The unity of nature and architectural form. The architecture seems to echo the shapes of the swans that live there, turning into waves and distorting the shape. It’s like a big stroke trying to unite the architecture with its surroundings by repeating it.”

Software used: 3ds Max, Corona Renderer, Photoshop

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Reference

CategoriesArchitecture

Beretta Associates Breaths New Life Into the 19th Century Università Cattolica

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Università Cattolica of Milan has been promoting important projects to accommodate the growing number of students: thus, the two phases of the impressive expansion project of the historic university complex of Largo Gemelli have been started. The first phase concerns the construction of the new didactic pole in Via Lanzone and the second for the redevelopment of the neighboring Caserma Garibaldi on Piazza S. Ambrogio.

Both interventions, located in contexts of high historical and testimonial value and subject to the protection of the Superintendence of Archaeology, Fine Arts and Landscape for the metropolitan city of Milan, were designed by the historic Milanese studio Beretta Associates that has paid careful attention to the preservation and enhancement of the typological and figurative characteristics of the pre-existing, without sacrificing a contemporary language as regards the new buildings that are placed in an effective dichotomous relationship with the historic buildings.

Photo by Andrea Martiradonna

 

The new gravitational pole of via Lanzone is part of the renovation of an eighteenth-century residential complex, formerly owned by the university, that consists of three buildings that encircle a central courtyard. The project, designed to accommodate 7 new classrooms — from 50 to 100 seats — also involves the restoration of the historical portions of the complex, as well as the demolition and reconstruction of the building facing Via San Pio V, which was bombed and rebuilt after the war.

Photo by Andrea Martiradonna

The new building, with its projecting glass and metal façade, highlights the new university function through a contemporary vocabulary, creating a lively dialogue with the modern architecture of the neighboring buildings (designed by the famous duo of Milanese architects Asnago and Vender). Inside, the materials and colors of the original courtyard have been recovered. According to the new university’s needs, the replacement and integration of the horizontal and vertical structures, as well as the realization of the plant networks, were prioritized.

Courtesy of Studio Beretta Associati

The redevelopment for the conversion of Caserma Garibaldi — the former Milanese headquarters of the State Police dating back to the Napoleonic period — into the headquarters of the Università Cattolica is part of a complex urban revision of the entire area aimed at creating spaces for educational activities and services.

The historic building, with a quadrangular plan articulated around two large courtyards of equal size, in coherence with the original military destination is characterized by a severe neoclassical setting. The fulcrum of the project is the optimization of the internal layout respecting the existing plant and the realization of a new building in the north courtyard to meet the need for classrooms.

From a restoration point of view, the project has a clear philological intent, bringing the monumental building back to its original consistency through the demolition of inconsistent buildings added over time, restoring the trend of the roof pitches and returning the height of the attics in the original positions (modified in the seventies).

The conversion of the nineteenth-century complex into a university building required important plant and structural upgrading interventions to meet the static safety and seismic improvement verifications of the building. Particular attention has also been paid to the issues of sustainability, energy and water saving, reduction of emissions and improvement of the ecological quality of the interior with the use of low-carbon materials: the complex will be certified according to the LEED BD+C v4 Core & Shell GOLD level standard and to the WELL® protocol, managed by the International WELL® Building Institute (IWBI) for the comfort, health and well-being of people.

Photo by Andrea Martiradonna

Courtesy of Studio Beretta Associati

 

From a functional point of view, the project foresees the realization of classrooms of various size, among which the aula magna (main classroom). The existing plan consists of a sequence of spaces, delimited by transversal load-bearing walls, which overlook particularly large central corridors (apparently also used for military exercises on horseback). The respect of this configuration — extremely constrained from a structural point of view — has allowed the construction of classrooms with an average capacity of about 50 seats and only in a few cases of a hundred seats: to overcome this limitation, a major intervention underground was designed in the north courtyard, where there was already an underground garage, which will allow the construction of two classrooms for three hundred seats, two for four hundred and the aula magna for eight hundred.

Courtesy of Studio Beretta Associati

The new building, which contains the vertical connections to the underground classrooms, is characterized by a parallelepiped volume that is almost completely glazed: the choice of a sober, essential and “ethereal” volume emphasizes a clear desire to differentiate the intervention from the morphology of the imposing historical buildings, with which the new building relates without any conflict.

As the architect and engineer Mario Dezzi Bardeschi used to say, “restoration is the sum of two orders of operations: restoration = project of preservation of the existing (as overall value) + project of the new (as additional value)”. And this dualism seems to best express the spirit of Studio Beretta’s projects to give new lymph to the University of Milan.

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7 Ways to Recreate the Timeless Charm of Regency Interiors
CategoriesArchitecture

7 Ways to Recreate the Timeless Charm of Regency Interiors

Architects: Want to have your project featured? Showcase your work through Architizer and sign up for our inspirational newsletter.    

Period dramas are all in rage, both in written fiction and cinematic productions. Fans of Emma and Downtown Abbey are now indulging in the Netflix adaption of Julia Quinn’s popular Bridgerton novels. In addition to causing sleepless nights of binge-watching, the series has also prompted several Pinterest searches for Regency-era aesthetics and décor.

This dramatic aesthetic developed in the 19th Century, under George IV’s rule as Prince Regent. The style of design is synonymous with grandeur and flamboyance. It was influenced by Greek, Egyptian, Gothic and Chinese architecture, celebrating art in all forms. Muted hues, decorated wall panels, ornamental moldings, plus seating, noteworthy chandeliers, fluted columns, brass inlays, rich woods and large mirrors are just a few components that combine to make up this style.

Adapting the Regency style for today’s homes is not straightforward; it can be approached by adding individual elements that reflect the era or by recreating an entire setup that exudes regal European charm. Some of the extravagant elements mentioned above can be statement pieces in minimal interiors — like an imposing chandelier in an otherwise plain hallway. On the flip side, if used subtly, they can all come together to create a cozy and inviting home that displays hints of history while being rooted in today. Channeling this style also presents a great opportunity to upcycle vintage furniture and old decor pieces, or to try some DIY experiments on plain IKEA furniture. Below are a few examples of how these elements have been used in spaces across the world.

Children’s Room Design by Ami Austin Interior Design, Memphis, Tennessee | Image by Chip Pankey

Powdery blues, soft pinks, pistachio greens and luxurious cream hues were a staple in this era. This pastel palette can be layered in any space by using patterned wallpapers, painted furniture and matching upholstery. The combination of patterns prevents the space from becoming monotonous and creates interest in an otherwise muted palette.

This technique is clearly exhibited in the children’s room design by Ami Austin Interior Design. The same tone of powder blue is used in the wall, curtains, window seating and a desk chair. The white baseboards and mirrored vanity make it more current and add some brightness.

Beautiful living room in palace style by Mirt

This palatial setting might be hard to replicate in contemporary interiors as is but there are some elements that could be introduced in modern homes to give them a historic touch. Decorating the walls with patterned wallpapers and then strengthening that design language with ornate mirrors and gold-framed paintings can be one way to spruce up dining or living areas. This can also be taken a step further by breaking up the walls with molded panels to divide functions in a large space without using walls.

Ladbroke Grove Townhouse by BWArchitects, London, United Kingdom

Gold and pearlescent tones have long been indicators of wealth and luxury. And since the Regency style was all about celebrating opulence, furniture and fixtures with such finishes were not uncommon. Adding golden or cream edges to highlight the lines of tables or desks, or even using gold in lights or bathrooms fittings is an easy way to incorporate this trend. This soft aqua cabinet with beige panel outlines in a townhouse designed by BWArchitects is a great example of vintage-style furniture in a modern setting.

Pattern House by ALEKSA studio, London, United Kingdom

Gilded fixtures can also be paired with white marble tabletops in salons or countertops in bathrooms. Due to its versatility, marble can also be used on floors or be carved to create intricate sculptures and more. In Pattern House, ALESKA studio has paired marble slabs with metallic gold or brass sinks and taps to elevate the simple layout. Golden doorknobs and light fixtures further help build the aesthetic.

Living room design in light tones by Mirt

Another characteristic design element from this era was a sitting room with plush sofas and ornate chaises. As evidenced in this living room design, multiple seating options, all with curved lines and decorative embellishments, add an air of comfort and luxury to any living space. These can be upholstered in velvet or delicately patterned fabrics. When paired with equally embellished furniture, they can effortlessly transport users back to the 1800s.

Jerusalem Penthouse by Annette Frommer-Interior Design, Jerusalem, Israel

We often underestimate how dramatically curtains change the look of a space. Pleated drapes with thick fabrics or sophisticated prints that go all the way from the ceiling to the floor can give the appearance of bigger windows and higher ceilings. They can also be accompanied by decorative ties or layered with sheer curtains to make the setup more luxurious. As showcased above, curtains can be a good way to add depth, color and texture to living spaces.

Chateau in height by Estudio Jorge Felli, Buenos Aires, Argentina

No Regency setup would be complete without a grand chandelier. Large suspended illuminators with dazzling crystals and romantic swirls celebrate the artistic expression of the period. These can also work with minimal spaces with sleek lines or more themes setups. In a bedroom in the Chateau in Height, the large chandelier is accompanied by matching drapes and beddings, marble and wooden floors and a dark floral wallpaper to create a balanced room.

Architects: Want to have your project featured? Showcase your work through Architizer and sign up for our inspirational newsletter.    

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BNIM’s Customized Glass Façade Inspires New Forms of Art Making
CategoriesArchitecture

BNIM’s Customized Glass Façade Inspires New Forms of Art Making

Judging is now underway for the 10th Annual A+Awards Program! Want to earn global recognition for your projects? Sign up to be notified when the 11th Annual A+Awards program launches. 

Art and design are defined by how we experience the world and express ourselves. The spaces for creation and ideation shape what we make, and in turn, can provide the platform for making new works of art. When BNIM designed the Fine Arts + Design Studios (FADS) building at Johnson County Community College (JCCC) in Overland Park, Kansas, they brought together multiple disciplines into a single, carefully crafted facility. The result is an open architecture that allows students, faculty and staff to explore what expression means to them.

At the heart of the FADS building is the idea of bringing diverse ideas and art practices together. The building was made to exemplify the notion of learning by doing, drawing together disciplines that were previously dispersed across campus: graphic design, sculpture, ceramics, metals, painting, drawing, photography and filmmaking. The architecture was designed to provide a framework for new synergies and enhanced collaboration and, in doing so, inspire creativity and new forms of art making.

The FADS building was completed with Clark & Enersen, who provided programming and equipment planning, as well as mechanical, electrical and structural engineering for this building. In turn, they were selected for a range of services for priority projects identified in Johnson County Community College’s 2016 Master Plan. A goal of the facilities master plan was to reinforce campus neighborhoods by promoting adjacencies. The FADS building brings these ideas to life and contains the arts programs that were formally housed in the Arts & Technology building, along with filmmaking and graphic design.

As the design team notes, the FADS building included classrooms and studio space, material storage, multi-use common spaces, as well as display and collaboration spaces throughout building corridors. Fueling a desire to create, FADS includes these hallway gallery spaces and a covered outdoor courtyard, which functions as a year-round workspace for student and faculty artists alike.

In addition to providing collaboration spaces, the design features flexible and vibrant interior studios. The project was sited to provide intimately scaled exterior spaces for the creation and display of art, and to integrate and strengthen campus connections.

BNIM’s design features a rectangular volume lifted off the ground by a concrete podium and pilotis. In turn, the building volume is offset by acid-etched and ceramic-fritted glass panels. They worked with architectural glass and systems manufacturer Bendheim to bring the glass panels to life.

The customized, ventilated glass façade features a 170-foot-wide façade with Bendheim’s Lumi Frit Surface 1 fritted glass. It acts as a screen that filters soft, glare-free daylight into the studios through second-story windows, while creating a white aesthetic during the day. The glass also reflects sunlight to a shimmering white effect. Bendheim sampled multiple Lumi Frit patterns and surface options to test and evaluate for optimal diffusion and projectability.

Just steps away from the Midwest Trust Center, the Wylie Hospitality and Culinary Academy, and the Nerman Museum of Contemporary Art, the Fine Arts & Design Studios (FADS) facility was made to anchor a new arts neighborhood on campus. The FADS strengthens these connections and provides space to reimagine how art is made.

“In the fine arts are these silos of specialties, but the trend is to break through those silos,” says Fine Arts Professor Mark Cowardin. “Painters are embracing more materials, and sculptors are working with ceramics and drawing. We want that sort of cross-pollination, not only with our students but with our professors. We are encouraging a creativity zone where we can build on our reputation and present to our students the opportunity for innovation.”

Judging is now underway for the 10th Annual A+Awards Program! Want to earn global recognition for your projects? Sign up to be notified when the 11th Annual A+Awards program launches. 

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Wavy Balconies With Overhanging Plants Are A Design Feature On This Apartment Building
CategoriesArchitecture

Wavy Balconies With Overhanging Plants Are A Design Feature On This Apartment Building

A modern building with curved balconies and overhanging plants.

Architecture firm K.A Studio has designed the remodel of an apartment building in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, that included the addition of green space.

A modern building with curved balconies and overhanging plants.

In an area filled with concrete and hard lines, this updated apartment building, which is now used for staycations, has been designed as an oasis in the city, with the curved balconies creating a soft edge on the facade.

A modern building with curved balconies and overhanging plants.

Overhanging plants cascade down the side of the building, while taller plants add different layers and grow up between the voids created by the balconies.

A modern building with curved balconies and overhanging plants.

The underside of the balconies is lined with wood, adding to the natural look of the building.

The underside of these balconies is lined with wood, adding to the natural look of the building.

At night, uplighting creates shadows on the balconies above.

At night, uplighting creates shadows on the balconies above.
A modern building with curved balconies and overhanging plants.

The balconies overlook a pool that’s located on the ground floor and has curves that mimic the exterior of the building.

A curved swimming pool complements the curved balconies above.
A curved swimming pool complements the curved balconies above.
A curved swimming pool complements the curved balconies above.
A modern building with curved balconies and overhanging plants.

Throughout the building materials like woods, local split stones, concrete, terrazzo, and rattan are featured.

The interior of this building features materials like woods, local split stones, concrete, terrazzo, and rattan.

Bright hallways with lighting embedded in the concrete floors, and in the ceiling, guide guests to their private apartments.

Bright hallways with lighting embedded in the concrete floors, and in the ceiling, guides guests to their private apartments.

The apartments are minimal in their design, with simple wood furniture in the living room, and a kitchenette.

A minimalist apartment interior with LED lighting and a small living room.
A minimalist apartment interior with LED lighting, a small living room, and kitchenette.

In the bedroom, a horizontal wood accent above the bed hides LED Lighting, which also complements the lighting on the opposite wall. There’s also a floating wood desk that lines the wall, and a sliding door opens to a balcony.

In this bedroom, a horizontal wood accent above the bed hides LED Lighting, which also complements the lighting on the opposite wall.
A floating wood desk.
Photograph: Hiroyuki Oki | Architects: K.A Studio | Lead Architects: Doan Quoc Khanh | Design team: Dang Anh Khoa, Hoang Anh Dung, Tran Quoc Nhat, Le Duc Duy | Construction: La Maison Du K

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Top 10 Architecture Projects on Architizer in March 2022
CategoriesArchitecture

Top 10 Architecture Projects on Architizer in March 2022

Architects: Want to have your project featured? Showcase your work through Architizer and sign up for our inspirational newsletter. 

Architizer’s journal is fueled by the creative energy of the thousands of architects from around the world who upload and showcase their incredible work. From conceptual designs to projects under construction to completed buildings, we are proud to serve as a platform for showcasing global architectural talent and the brilliance of visualizers, engineers, manufacturers, and photographers who are crucial members of the industry. A stellar drawing, rendering or photo, as well as a detailed project description, can go a long way in making a project stand out, as does indicating the stellar contributors on a project.

Firms who upload to Architizer share their work with professionals and design enthusiasts through our Firm Directory and Projects database. They also gain exposure by having their projects shared on our FacebookInstagram, and Twitter pages, as well as in our Journal feature articles. Indeed, through these various channels, hundreds of thousands of people in the global design community have come to rely on Architizer as their architectural reference and source of inspiration. In 2022, we’ll be rounding up our database’s top 10 most-viewed, user-uploaded architecture projects at the end of each month.

By JJP Architects and Planners, New Taipei City, Taiwan

This church sits at the heart of a planned long-term elderly care village in a rural coastal district in northern New Taipei City, Taiwan. Inside, three hyperbolical solid shells form two voids and are enclosed by fully transparent glass. Horizontally, the church is bisected by a double-height glass corridor. The curved top of the shells form a unique gap that follows the sun’s path, inviting a flood of natural light into the interior space throughout the day, as well as a modern representation of longstanding church imagery of “open heavens”.

By XRANGE Architects, Penghu County, Taiwan

This house is named after a famous archipelago west of Taiwan where vernacular coral stone homes — characterized by a nine-square plan, distinctive “rolled” roof ridges resembling a curved gable and “slits and pillars” — are unique. This modern home reinterprets its forebears. From a distance, the overlapping layers of rolled roof ridges create the illusion of a village made up of many small homes. Likewise, the traditional slits-and-pillars openings are reimagined as screens that shade floor-to-ceiling glass doors, which improves access to natural light and ventilation.

By Wood Marsh, Point Lonsdale, Australia

The majestic, undulating terrain of the Australian coastland stands alone as an aesthetic experience. So, the architects who designed the Lonsdale Links — a club house for a golf course — sought to create a building that appeared as a “relic” in “the prehistoric landscape.” The soft contours and stunning volume of the building act like a natural extension of the site. Positioned on the crest of a hill, it appears differently from various sight lines. Dark laminated timber beams create a soft and radiant contrast to the verdant links; their finishing ahas a raw weathered quality that timelessly integrates with the coastal context.

By Metaform Architects, Expo 2020 Dubai, UAE

While the formal aspects of this project are visually dazzling, an even more impressive aspect of the the design remains invisible to the naked eye: it is built of 70% reused or recycled materials. While the steel structure was a natural choice to help reach this goal. fiberglass membrane is more surprising. Although difficult to recycle, the latter can be reused by the producer, who specifically agreed to it for this project.

By GUILLEM CARRERA arquitecte, Tarragona, Spain

Nestled in a small fold of the urban fabric, a small neighborhood with a triangular perimeter has quietly persisted over the the past half century. The houses here sit on small plots, rubbing shoulders with their neighbors. This new addition to the community seeks to maintain that dialogue; yet, interestingly, the main façade faces the back garden, rather than the street. The house pivots around a central porch, which is located in the belly of the structure.

Photos by Ivo Tavares Studio

By ESQUISSOS, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

The idea centers on the desire to develop a lower area beneath the home. To this end, a white closed building seemingly emerges in a crisp, clean volume from the topography. This design move ensures greater privacy and protection, superior energy efficiency, simple and clean, almost “monolithic” construction, in addition to wind protection and sunlight appreciation. Meanwhile, two independent boxes are perched above the white ground level, bringing the organizational plan into dialogue with the street level. The wooden slats add a textural intrigue and visual permeability that softens the purism of the white prism.

By A-001 Taller de Arquitectura, Valle de Bravo, Mexico

This two-storey weekend home is set on a 9,000 square meter site; hence, it is just one part of a larger, sustainable microsystem, within which the dwelling is respectfully integrated. This reinterpretation of the region’s traditional homes plays with the geometry of superimposed volumes. A nearby body of water feeds a hydraulic mill, which meets 70% of the home’s hydraulic needs; it is also the source of irrigation of vegetables, fruit trees and a series of wetlands. Additionally, a rainwater collection system helps feed the plumbing fixtures, the pool, and the irrigation of green areas.

By Fran Silvestre Arquitectos, Valencia, Spain

With a series of NIU projects, this Spanish firm is exploring innovating construction systems. The N70 is the smallest model in this series, which juxtapose aluminum walls and extruded spaces to open glazing. The goal is to make more sustainable, quicker-to-build homes that promote healthier lifestyles.

By RISOU, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

In Ho Chi Minh City, townhouses are often long and narrow slices that run back from the street. As a result, the interiors have less windows and access to sunlight than residents desire. With this design, the architects prioritized the creation of natural light while optimizing construction costs. The result is a luminous family home that is enlivened by a central atrium, which invites the sun’s rays to dance in the deepest nooks and crannies.

By Mado Architects, Mazandaran Province, Iran

Set in a suburb that is dotted with gabled roofs and homes made of brick, cement and wood materials, this project subtly distinguishes itself from the neighborhood in sophisticated ways. The design is rooted in the geometric archetype of nine-squares, which is the guiding principle of its programmatic distribution. The interconnected network of courtyards, pools and domestic faces interlock like a Mondrian composition, resulting in a dynamic and highly functional home.

Architects: Want to have your project featured? Showcase your work through Architizer and sign up for our inspirational newsletter. 



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Structural Membranes: Exploring ETFE and PTFE Synthetic Polymers in Architecture
CategoriesArchitecture

Structural Membranes: Exploring ETFE and PTFE Synthetic Polymers in Architecture

Browse the Architizer Jobs Board and apply for architecture and design positions at some of the world’s best firms. Click here to sign up for our Jobs Newsletter.

Modern chemistry made mass-producing polymers possible and continues to facilitate the use of synthetic polymers in architecture. Membranes are one of the most visible forms of polymers in design and construction. Waterproofed membranes add a layer to the building’s envelope that both prevents damp walls and helps control the humidity inside. This approach to structure and envelope, which has gradually become popular since the late 20th century, is an especially good choice for public projects with large span roofs. For example, the Millennium Dome by RSHP, which has been badly damaged by the extraordinarily destructive storm Eunice, is a dome structure with a skin of PTFE coated glass fabric that has an astonishing diameter of 1, 200 feet (365 m) and a height of 165 feet (50 m).

A roof formed by a single layer of membrane is significantly thinner than structures built from traditional materials such as timber and bricks, while it is possible to be as strong as steel, depending on the material. The resulting structure, therefore, preserves lightness both structurally and visually. Meanwhile, they are strong enough to stand against the weather and good at self-cleaning. This article looks at two predominant synthetic polymers — both plastics that are categorized as textiles. PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene, is constructed from carbon and fluorine atoms. Meanwhile, ETFE, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, is built from carbon, fluorine and hydrogen. While the former is more fire-resistant, the latter performs better under tensile pressure.

Sogokagu Design Lab_exterior

Polymers are also applied as hard materials, the Sogokagu Design Lab by Kengo Kuma and Associates has a ETFE façade.

So far, membranes sound ideal for large-span structures. However, the performance of the material heavily depends on its structural integrity. If just one part of the piece breaks, normally, if the type of membrane used is fabric-based like PTFE, the replacement of a whole piece will be required. Therefore, the maintenance and repair of membrane structures can be quite costly, which should be considered when choosing the material.

There is also a wide range of sheet materials that can be considered as membranes. Some are woven fabrics coated with polymers, some come directly as foils/films. ETFE is one of the most popular materials for membrane structures as it becomes a film that is highly flexible to fit onto the skeleton of different shapes. It is also transparent enough to let lights travel through, either allowing daylight into the space to utilize natural light or creating a luminous, performative visual of the building at night by lighting it from the inside. Moreover, the material is highly recyclable — although not biodegradable. Still, already-used ETFE can be reprocessed into new ETFE materials.

water cube_night_exteriorwater cube_day_interiorDesigned by PTW Architects, the National Swimming Centre in Beijing, also called Water Cube, has an iconic “bubbling” façade made of ETFE. To achieve this appearance, ETFE films are first welded together, then installed onto the steel frames and lastly filled with inert gases using the piped embedded in the steel frames to form cushions. The swimming pool is lit by natural light during the daytime and very little artificial lighting is needed, thanks to the transparency of ETFE.

Solar energy is let through the envelope as well and heats the space, the water and the concrete floor structure. During the night, the concrete floor of high thermal mass gives out heat that is stored during the daytime, saving energy on air-conditioning. As each cushion is independent of the others, a broken cushion can be quickly repaired by welding a supplementing patch of ETFE onto it or be simply replaced with a new cushion to secure the integrity of the envelope.

Functioning similarly to double- and triple-glazing, the gas-filled cushions are good insulators for noise and heat as well. The insulating function of ETFE cushions has been already proved in the Eden project (2001), where ETFE cushions help control climates in enormous greenhouses.

selgascano serpentine_day_interiorWhile Water Cube employs ETFE cushions for their environmental performance, the Serpentine Pavilion 2015 designed by SelgasCano plays with the material’s transparency. Using colored and color-diffusing ETFE films, joined by colored ribbons, the design team created a surreally colorful spatial experience. ETFE films and ribbons of different shades are attached to the steel skeleton, forming a double skin system where shades overlay building new shades and forms penetrate forming dreamy shadows. The lightness of the material allowed all skin sections to be installed by hand.

PTFE membranes, on the other hand, are normally manufactured by coating PTFE onto glass fabrics, which makes them highly resistant to cracks under stretching and more scratch-resistant than ETFE. The strength of the material allows the formation of dramatic free form structures. While PTFE membrane facilitates natural lighting as ETFE does, it can further filter UV light thus preventing possible damages to furniture caused by long-term UV light exposure. Similar to ETFE, it is also anti-corrosion and easy to clean.

Feuerstein-Arena Schierke_dayFeuerstein-Arena Schierk_nighteThe Ice Stadium Schierker Feuerstein-Arena designed by GRAFT stands out in the competition to renovate the stadium for its unique roof. The roof of over 29,000 square feet (2, 700 sq. m) spans across the ice rink, meeting the ground at its two ends. The lightweight yet strong PTFE membrane rests on a net of steel ropes which is then fixed to the outer steel frame. The structure bears wind, rain and snow and sheltered the stadium from direct sunlight by diffusing it. During the night, the reflectivity of the material spreads lights across the whole roof, multiplying the artificial lighting.

Browse the Architizer Jobs Board and apply for architecture and design positions at some of the world’s best firms. Click here to sign up for our Jobs Newsletter.

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Will Architects Prioritize Passenger Experience in the Post-Pandemic World?
CategoriesArchitecture

Will Architects Prioritize Passenger Experience in the Post-Pandemic World?

Have your say in which architects will take home Architizer’s prestigious A+Awards: Public Voting opens this spring. Interested in next year’s program? Subscribe to our newsletter for updates.  

Traveling is an exhilarating endeavor. Whether it be by bus, train or air, successful travel requires stamina, organization and the ability to adapt. When traveling by plane, the initial leg of the journey often causes stress. From document checks to security lines, the entire airport process can feel arduous; however, when you touch down at your destination, the exhausting journey begins to feel worthwhile.

With the added complexities of the pandemic, flying feels more like a burden than it does a favorable experience. The excitement to board a plane is replaced by a fierce worry that something will go wrong. Today, passengers are greeted with long lines, rigorous document controls and a heightened stressful atmosphere. It is hard to predict when the return to normalcy will be — or if that will ever happen — but what is certain is that stress goes hand-in-hand with travel. Will the pandemic change the ways in which architects design transport interiors? Can architecture act as a mediator between stress and calm? Can it facilitate relaxed movement while not compromising practical requirements?

The check-in and administrative side of air travel are likely not to change, and airport security checks will likely remain long and unfavorable; however, once headed to the gate, the energy in the airport can shift. The second leg of the journey can be more relaxing, and architects can have a hand in that.

San Francisco International Airport, Boarding Area E by Gensler, San Francisco, CA, United States. Popular Winner, 2015 A+Awards, Transportation – Airports. © Joe Fletcher Photography

One way to help alleviate travel-related anxiety is through access to outlets. As society turns to digital solutions, passengers are required to arrive at the airport with their documents ready to go and as a result, many rely on their personal electronics to store travel documents. From boarding passes, immunization proof, to test results, electronic devices have become essential for air travel – especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most airports were built before the digital era and as a result, are only equipped with a mere number of accessible outlets. Airports travel will likely continue within this digital realm and aviation architects are beginning to catch on and ensure their designs are fitting of the times.

San Francisco International Airport, Boarding Area E by Gensler, San Francisco, CA, United States. Popular Winner, 2015 A+Awards, Transportation – Airports. © Joe Fletcher Photography

While aviation architecture continues to evolve, some designs were ahead of their time. Take San Francisco International Airport, Boarding Area E renovation for example. Back in 2014 design team, Gensler was commissioned to transform the airport’s Boarding Area E into a travel oasis — and they did just that. The design features passenger spaces that are not typically found in most airports. From private dressing rooms to yoga centers, this airport terminal truly encourages its passengers to unwind and take a moment for themselves.

O’Hare Global Terminal by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM), Concept.

Meanwhile, the recently conceptualized Chicago O’Hare Global Terminal design revives the city’s spirit while prioritizing the passenger’s experience. In a collaborative effort by SOM, Ross Barney Architects and Arup, the team designed a terminal that incorporates atypical airport spaces: the outdoors. The gate’s dining, shopping and entertainment options reflect Chicago’s dynamic art and culinary scene. Meanwhile, passengers can unwind inside or outdoors. An open-to-the-sky concourse garden offers guests a chance to connect with the outdoors before boarding their plane. Surrounded by trees and hammocks, this atypical use of the outdoors facilitates relaxation by offering passengers a chance to breathe after making it past the stressful check-in and security lines.

Guadalajara International Airport, Terminal 2 Concept by CallisonRTKL. Finalist, 2021 A+Awards, Transportation – Unbuilt Transportation

The Guadalajara International Airport Terminal 2 design concept equally promotes passenger experience. Conceptualized by CallisonRTKL, this design enhances the local Mexican culture and cuisine. Interior gardens, comfortable waiting lounges, pet care centers and family facilities – this airport was conceptualized to cover any and all possible passenger requests. The arts are also celebrated in this design. Virtual art galleries and live performance spaces house local dancers and offer passengers a chance to unwind through visuals displays.

Most airports were built before the digital era and prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Upgrading and renovating old terminals and airport spaces is a massive undertaking and costs a pretty penny. But the pandemic has offered a moment to pause, and as large-scale projects start up once again, we see a shift in aviation architecture practices and a newfound prioritization towards enhancing the passenger experience. Ultimately, such shifts in design practices will help mitigate travel-related stresses and encourage passengers to relax whilst waiting to board.

Have your say in which architects will take home Architizer’s prestigious A+Awards: Public Voting opens this spring. Interested in next year’s program? Subscribe to our newsletter for updates.  

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